E3 · cycle-001.e3-kor-hold

South Korea, hold, 20 years

100 simulations of 20 rounds from the 2026 position. South Korea decides by the hold method; the shock and upside library, drawn at random each round.

Model 0.1.0 · graph 0.2.0 · parameters 0.1.0 · seeds 1–100 · elasticity sampled within each bracket

Every simulation · Compare with another experiment · More experiments like this

Not a forecast
Simulations of a structural model with seed parameter values, to compare methods and test the model. Other nations stay at their 2026 ratings throughout.

Outcome across simulations

The median at 2046, with the 10th to the 90th percentile of the 100 simulations under it.

Capability index
15.71 (−0.29)
From 16.00; 14.61 to 16.55
Rank by index
6
From 6; 3 to 14
Domains at Tier 1
1
From 2; 0 to 5
Tier rank
12
From 7; 3 to 22

Capability index by round

Rank by index, by round

Every objective at the position and at the horizon
Objective202610th percentileMedian90th percentileBetter
Capability indexprimary16.0014.6115.7116.55higher
Rank by index63614lower
Tier rank731222lower
Domains at Tier 12015higher
Score sum1165.81066.01145.41206.8higher
Goal-weighted score1165.81066.01145.41206.8higher
Resilient score1165.81139.5 (mean score sum over the simulations)higher

The capability index is the mean of the three dimensions, each the mean of its domains, each the mean of its groups. Tiers are Pareto layers within each domain; the tier rank orders nations by domains held at Tier 1, then Tier 2, and so on. The goal-weighted score is the score sum unless the experiment sets a goal. The primary objective is the one the experiment is judged on; every other objective is reported beside it.

Credits

What each round’s credits went on in the median simulation. Across all simulations, nothing was spent on actions.

Report

Written from the simulation record by the loop's narrator. Every figure names the query it came from, in square brackets.

Batch cycle-001. Model 0.1.0, graph 0.2.0, parameters 0.1.0. 100 simulations, seeds 1 to 100; probes on 20. Every figure is a distribution over simulations of a structural model with seed parameter values; it shows what the model implies under these settings, not what will happen. Other nations are frozen at their 2026 ratings. No reconstructed historical data is used in this experiment.

Headline

South Korea played 20 rounds from 2026 under the hold method, with stochastic events, 100 times. Its capability index moved from 16.00 to a median of 15.71 (−0.29), with 90 per cent of simulations between 14.18 and 16.74 [experiment_objectives].

Starting position

In 2026 the nation ranks 6 on the index against the frozen field, holds 2 of nine domains at Tier 1 and has a tier rank of 7. Its base income is 888 credits a year, calibrated so that its 2026 position is affordable with headroom for investment.

What was decided

No actions were taken: the method holds, so income pays maintenance and the rest is carried over.

What the world did

A median simulation saw 2 shocks and 1 upside events. The most damaging per firing were S03 (33 firings in 31 simulations, −33.5 points each); S07 (13 firings in 13 simulations, −26.9 points each); S01 (26 firings in 22 simulations, −26.0 points each) [experiment_shocks]. Upside events fired 134 times across all simulations [experiment_shocks].

The groups that lost most to shocks, per simulation: Economic Leverage & Dependence −1.18; Trade Facilitation & Logistics −1.18; Fiscal Capacity & Public Finance −1.16; Information Environment & Strategic Communication −1.08 [experiment_shock_damage_by_group].

The edges that carried most change through the graph, per simulation: Fiscal Capacity & Public Finance to Social Infrastructure (−0.14 points); Fiscal Capacity & Public Finance to Force Generation & Mobilisation (−0.11 points); Economic Output & Productivity to Fiscal Capacity & Public Finance (−0.06 points) [experiment_propagation_by_edge].

Where it ended

At 2046 the median rank is 6 (5th to 95th percentile 2 to 16), the median count of Tier 1 domains 1 (0 to 6) and the median tier rank 12; the resilient score, the mean score sum over simulations, is 1,140 [experiment_objectives].

Tier 1 probability changed most in: financial strength (0 to 11 per cent of simulations); governance and integrity (0 to 26 per cent of simulations); human capital (100 to 59 per cent of simulations); production and innovation (100 to 42 per cent of simulations); strategic infrastructure (0 to 36 per cent of simulations) [experiment_tiers_by_round].

Why

Without shocks the index ends +1.008 higher on average, so the shocks cost about 1.008 index points [experiment_probe_attribution].

Holding instead of following this method changes the index by 0.000: that is the method's worth against doing nothing [experiment_probe_attribution].

Removing the largest shock of a simulation raises the index by +0.504 on average [experiment_probe_attribution].

The replay probe reproduces the simulations exactly (index change 0.000000), so the attributions are clean [experiment_probe_attribution].

Surprises

tier_jump (warn): largest gain in one domain within five years: 4 tiers (25 simulations above 2).

retired_words (warn): e3-kor-hold/report.md: 'simulations' 1 time(s), first near line 37; use 'simulations'.

The simulation furthest from the median (seed 45) ends −1.91 from it, with 6 shocks and 0 upside events [experiment_outlier_simulations].

Comparison

This is the baseline (hold) experiment, or there is none for this nation in the batch.

No backcast comparison: this experiment does not start from a historical position [experiment_against_history].

What each decision and shock was worth

Counterfactual probes on the first 20 seeds: the same simulations with one thing changed, paired seed by seed. A removed decision or shock is taken out and the other decisions replayed unchanged, so the difference is that item's worth.

ProbeIndexScore sumTier 1For example
Hold instead of the method0.0000.00.00
No shocks+1.008+71.6+2.45
Replay of the recorded actions (must change nothing)0.0000.00.00
Without the 1st largest shock+0.504+35.9+1.052039 S03 (-46.0 points)
Without the 2nd largest shock+0.402+28.8+0.362038 S03 (-29.9 points)
Without the 3rd largest shock+0.299+21.20.002033 S04 (-14.6 points)

Simulations

Three simulations told round by round, each on its own page: the one nearest the median index at the horizon, and those nearest the 10th and the 90th percentile. Every one of the 100 is listed with its outcome on the simulations page.

All 100 simulations

Events

How often each shock and upside event began across the simulations. Shocks come from the ten downside scenarios and upside events from the ten upside ones, at their yearly likelihood.

Event
Kind
Simulations
Mean round
Points
Hybrid coercion S04Shock40 per cent9.9−20.0
Regional war spillover S03Shock31 per cent10.6−33.5
AI labour shock S08Shock29 per cent10.3−22.4
Breadbasket failure S06Shock28 per cent9.8−11.8
Water-efficient food leap S16Upside27 per cent9.9+12.6
Global funding seizure S02Shock26 per cent10.3−12.4
Trade bloc rupture S01Shock22 per cent8.7−26.0
Market access opening S12Upside21 per cent9.7+16.9
Chronic disease advance S19Upside20 per cent10.5+16.0
Automated discovery step S17Upside20 per cent12.4+39.6
Clean power threshold S15Upside17 per cent10.3+26.8
Core disaster S07Shock13 per cent8.5−26.9
Cryptographic trust break S09Shock9 per cent10.3−25.4
Outbreak defence succeeds S20Upside6 per cent4.7+28.9
Legitimacy rupture S05Shock6 per cent7.8−10.9
Middle East settlement S14Upside4 per cent8.4+13.6
Great-power détente S13Upside3 per cent5.3+19.1
Severe pandemic S10Shock3 per cent10.0−25.1
Public service leap S18Upside2 per cent11.5+10.7
Debt service reset S11Upside2 per cent8.5+1.8

Groups across simulations

Every capability group: its position, and its median and spread at the horizon across the simulations, with what the method spent on it.

73 of 73 groups

Capability group
Domain
2026
2046
Change
Levels invested
Credits
Technical & Vocational SkillsHuman Capital15.5015.67 14.99 to 16.50+0.170.000
Regulatory Governance & Strategic ControlsGovernance & Integrity16.3316.41 15.49 to 17.79+0.080.000
Early Childhood DevelopmentHuman Capital17.0017.00 16.29 to 17.790.000.000
Advanced EducationHuman Capital17.0017.00 16.13 to 17.730.000.000
Research Talent & Knowledge CreationHuman Capital16.0016.00 15.31 to 17.000.000.000
Population HealthHuman Capital16.0016.00 15.26 to 16.760.000.000
Lifelong Learning & ReskillingHuman Capital16.0015.99 15.18 to 16.71−0.010.000
Foundational EducationHuman Capital17.2517.23 16.57 to 18.05−0.020.000
Health System CapabilityHuman Capital16.6716.65 15.82 to 17.49−0.020.000
Digital & AI CompetenceHuman Capital17.0016.96 16.15 to 17.74−0.040.000
Transparency, Oversight & AccountabilityGovernance & Integrity15.3315.25 14.56 to 16.07−0.080.000
Biotechnology & Health TechnologiesCritical Technology16.2016.11 14.98 to 17.39−0.090.000
Justice System & Fundamental RightsGovernance & Integrity15.0014.91 14.13 to 15.74−0.090.000
Public Integrity & Anti-CorruptionGovernance & Integrity15.0014.91 14.20 to 15.79−0.090.000
Political Institutions & Civic ParticipationGovernance & Integrity16.0015.90 15.03 to 16.72−0.100.000
Robotics & Autonomous SystemsCritical Technology16.5016.39 15.37 to 17.60−0.110.000
Sensing, Timing & NavigationCritical Technology15.8015.67 14.69 to 16.40−0.130.000
Government Effectiveness & Public AdministrationGovernance & Integrity17.2017.05 15.79 to 18.40−0.150.000
Space TechnologiesCritical Technology14.6714.52 13.59 to 15.26−0.150.000
Quantum TechnologiesCritical Technology14.2514.09 13.17 to 14.88−0.160.000
Technology Adoption & DiffusionProduction & Innovation18.0017.84 16.62 to 18.82−0.160.000
National Resilience & Crisis ManagementGovernance & Integrity16.2016.03 14.85 to 17.02−0.170.000
Internal Security & OrderGovernance & Integrity15.6715.50 14.70 to 16.35−0.170.000
Advanced ManufacturingStrategic Infrastructure18.4018.21 16.92 to 19.17−0.190.000
Connectivity, Cyber & Trust TechnologiesCritical Technology16.6016.41 15.53 to 17.12−0.190.000
Communications & Digital InfrastructureStrategic Infrastructure18.0017.81 16.42 to 18.96−0.190.000
Artificial IntelligenceCritical Technology16.0015.80 14.63 to 16.97−0.200.000
Advanced Materials & ManufacturingCritical Technology16.7116.50 15.45 to 17.69−0.210.000
Semiconductors & Advanced ComputingCritical Technology17.5017.29 16.26 to 18.46−0.210.000
Innovation & CommercialisationProduction & Innovation18.0017.78 16.63 to 18.91−0.220.000
Energy TechnologiesCritical Technology16.6016.38 15.30 to 17.42−0.220.000
Space, Aerospace & Defence InfrastructureStrategic Infrastructure16.3316.09 14.92 to 17.06−0.240.000
Business Dynamism & EntrepreneurshipProduction & Innovation15.7515.50 14.34 to 16.40−0.250.000
Agriculture & Food InfrastructureStrategic Infrastructure15.7515.48 14.36 to 16.42−0.270.000
Structural Transformation & ComplexityProduction & Innovation16.6716.40 15.26 to 17.21−0.270.000
Water, Sanitation & Waste InfrastructureStrategic Infrastructure16.8016.51 15.17 to 17.48−0.290.000
Transport InfrastructureStrategic Infrastructure16.5016.21 14.70 to 17.36−0.290.000
Industrial & Sectoral BaseProduction & Innovation16.5016.20 14.83 to 17.27−0.300.000
Financial InfrastructureStrategic Infrastructure16.5016.17 15.15 to 17.18−0.330.000
Resource InfrastructureStrategic Infrastructure11.7511.41 10.07 to 12.50−0.340.000
Social InfrastructureStrategic Infrastructure17.0016.64 15.35 to 17.83−0.360.000
Financial System Depth & AccessFinancial Strength17.0016.64 15.47 to 17.61−0.360.000
Economic Output & ProductivityProduction & Innovation16.5016.14 14.83 to 17.15−0.360.000
Sovereign Capital & External Financial PowerFinancial Strength14.2013.82 12.71 to 14.63−0.380.000
Trade Policy & Market AccessTrade & Investment17.0016.62 15.07 to 17.54−0.380.000
Global Value Chain PositionTrade & Investment17.3316.94 15.47 to 17.81−0.390.000
Diaspora & Global CommunitiesInformation & Influence15.5015.11 14.26 to 15.72−0.390.000
Investment Attraction & ProjectionTrade & Investment16.3315.93 14.42 to 16.99−0.400.000
Culture, Language & Education DiplomacyInformation & Influence16.8016.40 15.51 to 17.06−0.400.000
Energy InfrastructureStrategic Infrastructure16.1315.72 13.94 to 16.90−0.410.000
Financial Regulation & IntegrityFinancial Strength15.7515.34 14.16 to 16.21−0.410.000
Export Capability & SophisticationTrade & Investment17.0016.59 15.01 to 17.55−0.410.000
Digital & Services TradeTrade & Investment16.2515.83 14.15 to 16.82−0.420.000
Development Cooperation & Global AssistanceInformation & Influence14.5014.06 13.03 to 14.77−0.440.000
Air PowerNational Security16.7516.30 15.58 to 17.12−0.450.000
Force Generation & MobilisationNational Security16.3315.87 14.92 to 16.56−0.460.000
Land PowerNational Security16.5016.03 15.26 to 16.90−0.470.000
Space OperationsNational Security13.6713.20 12.40 to 14.06−0.470.000
Joint Command, Projection & SustainmentNational Security15.3314.85 13.55 to 15.67−0.480.000
Strategic Strike & Missile DefenceNational Security16.0015.52 14.29 to 16.37−0.480.000
Financial Stability & Crisis ManagementFinancial Strength16.6716.19 15.01 to 17.08−0.480.000
Labour & EmploymentProduction & Innovation15.0014.52 13.00 to 15.54−0.480.000
Trade Facilitation & LogisticsTrade & Investment17.5017.01 14.96 to 18.28−0.490.000
Diplomatic Statecraft & Global NetworksInformation & Influence14.5013.99 12.60 to 14.75−0.510.000
Nuclear DeterrenceNational Security1.671.14 0.31 to 2.01−0.530.000
Cyber & Electromagnetic OperationsNational Security16.0015.44 14.26 to 16.23−0.560.000
Intelligence & AssessmentNational Security15.8315.26 14.12 to 16.04−0.570.000
Economic Leverage & DependenceTrade & Investment15.3314.75 12.80 to 15.85−0.580.000
Monetary & Currency CapabilityFinancial Strength16.3315.74 14.33 to 16.73−0.590.000
Alliances & Security CooperationInformation & Influence16.0015.38 14.03 to 16.12−0.620.000
Fiscal Capacity & Public FinanceFinancial Strength16.5015.79 13.73 to 17.04−0.710.000
Information Environment & Strategic CommunicationInformation & Influence15.6714.95 13.73 to 15.83−0.720.000
Maritime PowerNational Security16.0015.22 13.89 to 16.23−0.780.000

Checks

The automated checks run on this experiment before anything was written about it. A warning is a candidate finding for the improvement loop.

  • passcredits_conservedlargest gap between credits in and credits accounted for: 0.0e+00
  • passscores_in_boundsscores range 0.000 to 20.000
  • passno_nans0 missing values in the trajectory and objectives
  • passprobe_replay_reproducesthe recorded moves played back reproduce the simulation to within 0.0e+00 points (20 simulations)
  • passledger_balancesthe edge ledger sums to the propagated change to within 2.1e-06 points
  • passmove_without_shocklargest one-year move in a group with no shock landing: 0.15 points; 0% of simulations have one above 3
  • warntier_jumplargest gain in one domain within five years: 4 tiers (25 simulations above 2)
  • passall_tier1_from_outside_top10starting rank 6; 0 simulations reach Tier 1 in all nine domains
  • passsaturation_high2% of simulations end with a group at 20 that did not start there (median 0 groups)
  • passsaturation_low6% of simulations end with a group at 0 that did not start there (median 0 groups)

Settings and versions

Experiment cycle-001.e3-kor-hold. Every simulation records the model, graph and parameter versions, the scenario, the method and its seed, so it can be reproduced exactly.

Nation
South Korea (KOR)
Position
The 2026 ratings of the National Capability Index
Method
Hold. No actions. Income pays maintenance; whatever is left is carried over, losing 5 per cent a round.
Scenario
The shock and upside library, drawn at random each round
Objective
Capability index, the primary objective the experiment is judged on; every other objective is reported beside it
Horizon
20 rounds, 2026 to 2046
Simulations
100 seeds, 1 to 100. Every method in the batch faces the same draws for the same seed.
Graph elasticities
Drawn for each simulation, uniformly within each edge’s bracket
Income
Base credits 888.4 a round, moving with the economic groups
Versions
Model 0.1.0, Capability Dependency Graph 0.2.0, parameters 0.1.0
Batch
Improvement cycle (cycle-001), cycle 1 of the improvement loop
Runtime
4.7 seconds in all; 888 microseconds a round
Not a forecast
Every figure is a distribution over the simulations of a structural model, reported to compare methods and test the model. None is a prediction of what a nation will do or become.
Structural parameters
Costs, decay, vulnerability and credits are structural seed values with low or medium confidence, set by domain with single-group exceptions. Five groups have no defensible value in a single-nation model and are flagged in the parameter tables.
Other nations are frozen
One nation is simulated at a time. Every other nation stays at its 2026 rating, so rank and tiers are measured against a still field; where the simulated nation rises past others their own tiers are not re-sorted.
Starting depth and mode are defaults
The position is the National Capability Index ratings. How institutionalised each capability is, and how much was built, bought or partnered, have no data behind them yet and start from structural defaults.
Credits are calibrated, not measured
Each nation’s income is set so that its position is affordable with headroom that rises with its fiscal capacity. It is not yet fiscal capacity as a share of GDP.