M2b · mcts-m2b.m2b-gbr-greedy

United Kingdom, greedy, 20 years

20 simulations of 20 rounds from the 2026 position. United Kingdom decides by the greedy method; the shock and upside library, drawn at random each round.

Model 0.2.0 · graph 0.2.0 · parameters 0.1.1 · seeds 1–20 · elasticity sampled within each bracket

Every simulation · Compare with another experiment · More experiments like this

Not a forecast

Simulations of a structural model with seed parameter values, to compare methods and test the model. Other nations stay at their 2026 ratings throughout.

Outcome across simulations

The median at 2046, with the 10th to the 90th percentile of the 20 simulations under it.

Capability index: 18.03 (+1.57); From 16.45; 17.58 to 18.39
Rank by index: 2; From 3; 1 to 2
Domains at Tier 1: 7; From 2; 6 to 7
Tier rank: 2; From 5; 2 to 2

Capability index by round

Rank by index, by round

Every objective at the position and at the horizon
Objective	2026	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile	Better
Capability indexprimary	16.45	17.58	18.03	18.39	higher
Rank by index	3	1	2	2	lower
Tier rank	5	2	2	2	lower
Domains at Tier 1	2	6	7	7	higher
Score sum	1196.4	1278.6	1310.8	1338.0	higher
Goal-weighted score	1196.4	1278.6	1310.8	1338.0	higher
Resilient score	1196.4	1305.3 (mean score sum over the simulations)			higher

The capability index is the mean of the three dimensions, each the mean of its domains, each the mean of its groups. Tiers are Pareto layers within each domain; the tier rank orders nations by domains held at Tier 1, then Tier 2, and so on. The goal-weighted score is the score sum unless the experiment sets a goal. The primary objective is the one the experiment is judged on; every other objective is reported beside it.

Credits

What each round’s credits went on in the median simulation. Across all simulations, build took 55 per cent, buy took 25 per cent, partner took 20 per cent of the 3,110 credits a simulation spent on actions.

Report

Written from the simulation record by the loop's narrator. Every figure names the query it came from, in square brackets.

Batch mcts-m2b. Model 0.2.0, graph 0.2.0, parameters 0.1.1. 20 simulations, seeds 1 to 20; probes on 5. Every figure is a distribution over simulations of a structural model with seed parameter values; it shows what the model implies under these settings, not what will happen. Other nations are frozen at their 2026 ratings. No reconstructed historical data is used in this experiment.

Headline

United Kingdom played 20 rounds from 2026 under the greedy method, with stochastic events, 20 times. Its capability index moved from 16.45 to a median of 18.03 (+1.57), with 90 per cent of simulations between 17.48 and 18.48 [experiment_objectives].

Starting position

In 2026 the nation ranks 3 on the index against the frozen field, holds 2 of nine domains at Tier 1 and has a tier rank of 5. Its base income is 1,094 credits a year, calibrated so that its 2026 position is affordable with headroom for investment.

What was decided

A simulation spent a median of 3,304 credits on actions. The five groups that took most were Lifelong Learning & Reskilling (build, 108 credits, 3.5 per cent); Technical & Vocational Skills (build, 98 credits, 3.2 per cent); Foundational Education (build, 98 credits, 3.2 per cent); Early Childhood Development (build, 98 credits, 3.1 per cent); Space Technologies (partner, 98 credits, 3.1 per cent) [experiment_decisions_by_group]. By mode: build 53 per cent, buy 29 per cent, partner 18 per cent [experiment_decisions_by_group]. Concentration of spending (HHI) had a median of 0.023, and the most repeated action appeared in 15 per cent of rounds.

The leading domain by period: rounds 1 to 5, Human Capital; rounds 6 to 10, Governance & Integrity; rounds 11 to 15, Governance & Integrity; rounds 16 to 20, Critical Technology [experiment_spend_by_period].

The method's chosen action was within 5 per cent of its best alternative in 82 per cent of actions and ahead by more than 25 per cent in 0 per cent [experiment_decision_margins].

What the world did

A median simulation saw 2 shocks and 1 upside events. The most damaging per firing were S09 (3 firings in 3 simulations, −23.6 points each); S03 (10 firings in 9 simulations, −22.3 points each); S08 (12 firings in 11 simulations, −21.0 points each) [experiment_shocks]. Upside events fired 25 times across all simulations [experiment_shocks].

The groups that lost most to shocks, per simulation: Fiscal Capacity & Public Finance −1.32; Economic Leverage & Dependence −1.16; Trade Facilitation & Logistics −1.15; Digital & Services Trade −1.14 [experiment_shock_damage_by_group].

The edges that carried most change through the graph, per simulation: Economic Output & Productivity to Fiscal Capacity & Public Finance (+0.52 points); Foundational Education to Advanced Education (+0.60 points); Advanced Education to Research Talent & Knowledge Creation (+0.48 points) [experiment_propagation_by_edge].

Where it ended

At 2046 the median rank is 2 (5th to 95th percentile 1 to 2), the median count of Tier 1 domains 7 (6 to 7) and the median tier rank 2; the resilient score, the mean score sum over simulations, is 1,305 [experiment_objectives].

Tier 1 probability changed most in: financial strength (0 to 100 per cent of simulations); human capital (0 to 100 per cent of simulations); information and influence (0 to 100 per cent of simulations); strategic infrastructure (0 to 75 per cent of simulations); trade and investment (0 to 100 per cent of simulations) [experiment_tiers_by_round].

Why

Without shocks the index ends +0.098 higher on average, so the shocks cost about 0.098 index points [experiment_probe_attribution].

Holding instead of following this method changes the index by −1.825: that is the method's worth against doing nothing [experiment_probe_attribution].

Removing any single one of the five largest actions changes the index by between −0.013 and −0.006, for example 2039 partner Digital & Services Trade (35 credits) [experiment_probe_attribution]. The largest actions by credits come late, when income is highest, and are rarely the most valuable.

Removing the largest shock of a simulation raises the index by +0.189 on average [experiment_probe_attribution].

The replay probe reproduces the simulations exactly (index change 0.000000), so the attributions are clean [experiment_probe_attribution].

Surprises

saturation_high (warn): 90% of simulations end with a group at 20 that did not start there (median 4 groups).

The simulation furthest from the median (seed 8) ends −1.22 from it, with 6 shocks and 0 upside events [experiment_outlier_simulations].

Comparison

This is the baseline (hold) experiment, or there is none for this nation in the batch.

No backcast comparison: this experiment does not start from a historical position [experiment_against_history].

What each decision and shock was worth

Counterfactual probes on the first 5 seeds: the same simulations with one thing changed, paired seed by seed. A removed decision or shock is taken out and the other decisions replayed unchanged, so the difference is that item's worth.

Probe	Index	Score sum	Tier 1	For example
Hold instead of the method	−1.825	−131.1	−4.40
No shocks	+0.099	+6.8	0.00
Replay of the recorded actions (must change nothing)	0.000	0.0	0.00
Without the 1st largest decision	−0.013	−1.0	0.00	2039 partner Digital & Services Trade (35 credits)
Without the 2nd largest decision	−0.006	−0.6	0.00	2039 build Regulatory Governance & Strategic Controls (35 credits)
Without the 3rd largest decision	−0.009	−0.6	0.00	2039 buy Communications & Digital Infrastructure (35 credits)
Without the 4th largest decision	−0.008	−0.6	0.00	2039 build Structural Transformation & Complexity (35 credits)
Without the 5th largest decision	−0.009	−1.0	0.00	2039 buy Force Generation & Mobilisation (35 credits)
Without the 1st largest shock	+0.052	+2.2	0.00	2039 S03 (-31.3 points)
Without the 2nd largest shock	+0.084	+5.4	0.00	2038 S03 (-20.6 points)
Without the 3rd largest shock	+0.189	+14.5	0.00	2033 S04 (-11.0 points)

Simulations

Three simulations told round by round, each on its own page: the one nearest the median index at the horizon, and those nearest the 10th and the 90th percentile. Every one of the 20 is listed with its outcome on the simulations page.

All 20 simulations

Events

How often each shock and upside event began across the simulations. Shocks come from the ten downside scenarios and upside events from the ten upside ones, at their yearly likelihood.

Event	Kind	Simulations	Mean round	Points
AI labour shock S08	Shock	55 per cent	10.4	−21.0
Regional war spillover S03	Shock	45 per cent	12.9	−22.3
Breadbasket failure S06	Shock	40 per cent	9.5	−9.4
Global funding seizure S02	Shock	30 per cent	10.3	−19.3
Hybrid coercion S04	Shock	25 per cent	8.6	−16.6
Water-efficient food leap S16	Upside	25 per cent	8.8	+3.1
Automated discovery step S17	Upside	20 per cent	16.5	+35.5
Market access opening S12	Upside	20 per cent	8.2	+16.8
Trade bloc rupture S01	Shock	15 per cent	4.0	−20.3
Middle East settlement S14	Upside	15 per cent	7.8	+12.9
Chronic disease advance S19	Upside	15 per cent	13.0	+27.3
Cryptographic trust break S09	Shock	15 per cent	9.7	−23.6
Legitimacy rupture S05	Shock	15 per cent	6.3	−10.2
Clean power threshold S15	Upside	10 per cent	16.0	+20.8
Core disaster S07	Shock	10 per cent	9.0	−5.7
Outbreak defence succeeds S20	Upside	10 per cent	3.5	+30.4
Debt service reset S11	Upside	5 per cent	4.0	+3.4

Groups across simulations

Every capability group: its position, and its median and spread at the horizon across the simulations, with what the method spent on it.

Find a group

Domain

73 of 73 groups

Capability group	Domain	2026	2046	Change	Levels invested	Credits
Lifelong Learning & Reskilling	Human Capital	14.67	19.88 19.53 to 20.00	+5.21	8.47	108
Technical & Vocational Skills	Human Capital	15.00	20.00 19.88 to 20.00	+5.00	7.88	98
Foundational Education	Human Capital	15.75	19.99 19.88 to 20.00	+4.24	4.93	98
Early Childhood Development	Human Capital	16.00	20.00 19.88 to 20.00	+4.00	4.63	98
Structural Transformation & Complexity	Production & Innovation	14.67	18.39 17.32 to 19.15	+3.72	3.77	81
Justice System & Fundamental Rights	Governance & Integrity	16.25	19.89 18.85 to 20.00	+3.64	3.54	97
Transparency, Oversight & Accountability	Governance & Integrity	16.33	19.86 18.84 to 20.00	+3.53	3.47	95
Export Capability & Sophistication	Trade & Investment	15.67	19.18 18.41 to 19.78	+3.51	3.76	67
Digital & AI Competence	Human Capital	16.50	19.97 19.71 to 20.00	+3.47	4.41	72
Economic Output & Productivity	Production & Innovation	16.00	19.40 18.63 to 19.93	+3.40	3.81	96
Industrial & Sectoral Base	Production & Innovation	15.25	18.49 18.09 to 19.42	+3.24	3.80	93
Labour & Employment	Production & Innovation	15.00	18.22 17.13 to 19.24	+3.22	3.61	76
Space Technologies	Critical Technology	14.00	17.20 16.34 to 17.85	+3.20	3.64	100
Economic Leverage & Dependence	Trade & Investment	15.33	18.45 17.89 to 19.15	+3.12	3.92	73
Population Health	Human Capital	16.00	19.02 18.34 to 19.88	+3.02	2.84	68
Diaspora & Global Communities	Information & Influence	13.50	16.45 15.75 to 18.14	+2.95	3.90	83
Technology Adoption & Diffusion	Production & Innovation	16.00	18.93 18.40 to 19.26	+2.93	3.02	54
Advanced Education	Human Capital	17.00	19.92 19.66 to 20.00	+2.92	2.64	66
Public Integrity & Anti-Corruption	Governance & Integrity	15.50	18.36 17.86 to 19.80	+2.86	2.84	73
Global Value Chain Position	Trade & Investment	16.00	18.64 18.26 to 19.29	+2.64	3.36	62
Semiconductors & Advanced Computing	Critical Technology	14.00	16.62 15.67 to 17.78	+2.62	3.03	75
Health System Capability	Human Capital	16.33	18.78 17.19 to 19.71	+2.45	2.19	60
Water, Sanitation & Waste Infrastructure	Strategic Infrastructure	15.20	17.54 15.82 to 19.53	+2.34	2.47	67
Government Effectiveness & Public Administration	Governance & Integrity	17.00	19.23 18.33 to 20.00	+2.23	2.23	68
Energy Technologies	Critical Technology	15.60	17.83 17.31 to 18.42	+2.23	2.73	61
Force Generation & Mobilisation	National Security	14.00	16.20 15.19 to 16.69	+2.20	2.39	63
Advanced Manufacturing	Strategic Infrastructure	15.60	17.79 17.52 to 18.31	+2.19	2.08	61
Political Institutions & Civic Participation	Governance & Integrity	16.67	18.67 17.75 to 19.37	+2.00	2.01	55
Robotics & Autonomous Systems	Critical Technology	16.00	17.92 16.64 to 18.52	+1.92	1.94	46
Investment Attraction & Projection	Trade & Investment	17.00	18.89 18.37 to 19.51	+1.89	2.53	57
Trade Policy & Market Access	Trade & Investment	17.25	19.13 18.24 to 19.60	+1.88	2.38	43
Connectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies	Critical Technology	16.60	18.45 18.04 to 19.09	+1.85	2.52	51
Trade Facilitation & Logistics	Trade & Investment	17.00	18.71 18.20 to 19.57	+1.71	2.52	55
Artificial Intelligence	Critical Technology	17.33	19.03 18.40 to 19.27	+1.70	1.96	45
Fiscal Capacity & Public Finance	Financial Strength	17.25	18.89 18.24 to 19.15	+1.64	2.06	87
Space, Aerospace & Defence Infrastructure	Strategic Infrastructure	16.50	18.10 17.42 to 18.50	+1.60	1.49	46
Communications & Digital Infrastructure	Strategic Infrastructure	17.00	18.55 17.88 to 18.91	+1.55	1.82	49
Sovereign Capital & External Financial Power	Financial Strength	16.40	17.92 17.30 to 18.43	+1.52	1.78	42
Development Cooperation & Global Assistance	Information & Influence	17.50	18.66 18.00 to 19.05	+1.16	1.20	28
Advanced Materials & Manufacturing	Critical Technology	16.57	17.53 16.90 to 18.11	+0.96	1.35	31
Alliances & Security Cooperation	Information & Influence	18.00	18.93 18.46 to 19.32	+0.93	1.55	33
Sensing, Timing & Navigation	Critical Technology	17.20	18.09 17.22 to 18.54	+0.89	1.09	27
Digital & Services Trade	Trade & Investment	17.50	18.34 17.74 to 19.21	+0.84	1.68	38
Diplomatic Statecraft & Global Networks	Information & Influence	17.50	18.30 17.97 to 18.59	+0.80	1.25	32
Internal Security & Order	Governance & Integrity	16.00	16.80 15.44 to 18.40	+0.80	0.64	16
Energy Infrastructure	Strategic Infrastructure	16.13	16.90 15.66 to 17.77	+0.77	1.07	30
Business Dynamism & Entrepreneurship	Production & Innovation	17.00	17.75 17.30 to 19.36	+0.75	1.49	36
Regulatory Governance & Strategic Controls	Governance & Integrity	17.67	18.32 17.99 to 18.99	+0.65	0.81	26
Resource Infrastructure	Strategic Infrastructure	14.25	14.88 13.65 to 16.28	+0.63	1.02	25
Transport Infrastructure	Strategic Infrastructure	16.00	16.54 15.42 to 17.31	+0.54	0.64	17
Biotechnology & Health Technologies	Critical Technology	17.60	17.98 17.11 to 18.51	+0.38	0.61	16
Research Talent & Knowledge Creation	Human Capital	18.33	18.63 18.39 to 19.85	+0.30	0.00	0
Financial System Depth & Access	Financial Strength	17.40	17.70 16.55 to 18.65	+0.30	0.77	21
Information Environment & Strategic Communication	Information & Influence	18.00	18.19 17.60 to 18.73	+0.19	1.01	24
Agriculture & Food Infrastructure	Strategic Infrastructure	14.25	14.26 13.25 to 15.41	+0.01	0.21	5
Space Operations	National Security	14.67	14.67 13.74 to 15.18	0.00	0.00	0
Social Infrastructure	Strategic Infrastructure	17.09	17.08 16.52 to 18.25	−0.01	0.00	0
Land Power	National Security	16.50	16.44 15.51 to 16.79	−0.06	0.00	0
Cyber & Electromagnetic Operations	National Security	17.33	17.21 16.18 to 17.49	−0.12	0.00	0
Financial Infrastructure	Strategic Infrastructure	18.25	18.13 17.44 to 18.63	−0.12	0.34	9
National Resilience & Crisis Management	Governance & Integrity	16.40	16.26 15.70 to 17.44	−0.14	0.00	0
Air Power	National Security	17.00	16.80 15.99 to 17.18	−0.20	0.00	0
Culture, Language & Education Diplomacy	Information & Influence	18.40	18.17 17.69 to 18.58	−0.23	0.07	2
Financial Regulation & Integrity	Financial Strength	17.75	17.49 16.77 to 17.97	−0.26	0.18	5
Intelligence & Assessment	National Security	18.00	17.72 16.76 to 18.00	−0.28	0.00	0
Innovation & Commercialisation	Production & Innovation	17.50	17.20 16.68 to 18.36	−0.30	0.00	0
Strategic Strike & Missile Defence	National Security	14.67	14.36 13.26 to 15.01	−0.31	0.07	2
Nuclear Deterrence	National Security	16.67	16.35 15.45 to 16.96	−0.32	0.00	0
Quantum Technologies	Critical Technology	16.75	16.38 15.86 to 16.85	−0.37	0.00	0
Joint Command, Projection & Sustainment	National Security	17.00	16.54 15.63 to 17.00	−0.46	0.00	0
Maritime Power	National Security	17.00	16.54 15.01 to 17.15	−0.46	0.00	0
Monetary & Currency Capability	Financial Strength	17.67	17.09 16.11 to 18.07	−0.58	0.12	4
Financial Stability & Crisis Management	Financial Strength	17.67	16.99 15.93 to 17.64	−0.68	0.00	0

Checks

The automated checks run on this experiment before anything was written about it. A warning is a candidate finding for the improvement loop.

passcredits_conservedlargest gap between credits in and credits accounted for: 6.8e-13
passscores_in_boundsscores range 11.987 to 20.000
passno_nans0 missing values in the trajectory and objectives
passprobe_replay_reproducesthe recorded actions played back reproduce the simulation to within 0.0e+00 points (5 simulations)
passledger_balancesthe edge ledger sums to the propagated change to within 4.5e-07 points
passmove_without_shocklargest one-round change in a group with no shock landing: 2.25 points; 0% of simulations have one above 3
passtier_jumplargest gain in one domain within five years: 4 tiers (4 simulations above 2); tiers are reported, not an objective
passall_tier1_from_outside_top10starting rank 3; 0 simulations reach Tier 1 in all nine domains
warnsaturation_high90% of simulations end with a group at 20 that did not start there (median 4 groups)
passsaturation_low0% of simulations end with a group at 0 that did not start there (median 0 groups)
passspend_concentrationmedian concentration of spending across groups (HHI) 0.023; most funded group soft.human_capital.lifelong_learning_and_reskilling
passsame_actionthe most repeated action (group and mode) appears in a median 15% of rounds

Settings and versions

Experiment mcts-m2b.m2b-gbr-greedy. Every simulation records the model, graph and parameter versions, the scenario, the method and its seed, so it can be reproduced exactly.

Nation: United Kingdom (GBR)
Position: The 2026 ratings of the National Capability Index
Method: Greedy. Each round, the actions with the most value per credit: a level's own worth plus its long-run effect downstream through the graph, less the maintenance it will need, counting only what arrives before the horizon.
Scenario: The shock and upside library, drawn at random each round
Objective: Capability index, the primary objective the experiment is judged on; every other objective is reported beside it
Horizon: 20 rounds, 2026 to 2046
Simulations: 20 seeds, 1 to 20. Every method in the batch faces the same draws for the same seed.
Graph elasticities: Drawn for each simulation, uniformly within each edge’s bracket
Income: Base credits 1,094.1 a round, moving with the economic groups
Versions: Model 0.2.0, Capability Dependency Graph 0.2.0, parameters 0.1.1
Batch: MCTS M2b, versus greedy with certainty-equivalent playouts (mcts-m2b)
Runtime: 1.3 seconds in all; 883 microseconds a round

Not a forecast: Every figure is a distribution over the simulations of a structural model, reported to compare methods and test the model. None is a prediction of what a nation will do or become.
Structural parameters: Costs, decay, vulnerability and credits are structural seed values with low or medium confidence, set by domain with single-group exceptions. Five groups have no defensible value in a single-nation model and are flagged in the parameter tables.
Other nations are frozen: One nation is simulated at a time. Every other nation stays at its 2026 rating, so rank and tiers are measured against a still field; where the simulated nation rises past others their own tiers are not re-sorted.
Starting depth and mode are defaults: The position is the National Capability Index ratings. How institutionalised each capability is, and how much was built, bought or partnered, have no data behind them yet and start from structural defaults.
Credits are calibrated, not measured: Each nation’s income is set so that its position is affordable with headroom that rises with its fiscal capacity. It is not yet fiscal capacity as a share of GDP.